Muva nje, iwebhusayithi ye-General Administration of Customs ishicilele umbhalo wesekela lomqondisi wehhovisi lokuthunyelwa kwempahla likahulumeni ephendula imibuzo evela kuzintatheli. Eziningi zazo zihlobene nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle konke kokugunyazwa kwezimpahla ezingenisiwe nezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokwaziswa kanye nobuhlakani bokukhishwa kwechweba, kanye nokwandisa isiteshi sezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-e-commerce esibushelelezi. Imininingwane imi kanje:
isithombe
Intatheli: eminyakeni embalwa edlule, indawo yebhizinisi lechweba laseChina ibilokhu ithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathwe uMnyango Jikelele Wezokuthengiswa Kwempahla ukuze uqhubeke nokugqugquzela ukugunyazwa kwempahla ephumayo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kwempahla ephumayo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthobela ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nokuthekelisa, nokwenza yonke imizamo yokukhuthaza ukuzinza kohwebo lwangaphandle kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe?
U-Dang Yingjie: njengomnyango oholayo ekwenzeni ngcono isimo sebhizinisi emachwebeni, iGeneral Administration of customs, kanye neminyango yombuso efanele kanye nohulumeni basekhaya, isebenzise izinqumo nezinhlelo zeKomiti Elikhulu Yeqembu kanye NoMkhandlu Kahulumeni ngobuqotho, iqinise ngokuqhubekayo. umsebenzi, wethula uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo nezinyathelo, wamukela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo eziqinile, ukuqondisa okuqinisiwe, izinsizakalo ezithuthukisiwe, futhi ngokuqhubekayo uthuthukisa izinga lokugqugquzela ukuhwebelana kwemingcele, Ube negalelo elifanelekile ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yezinga eliphezulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu. -izinga lokuvula uhwebo lwangaphandle. Ibonakala kakhulu ku:
Okokuqala, qhubeka nokwenza lula amadokhumenti okugada ukungenisa nokuthekelisa. Ngo-2020, i-General Administration of Customs, kanye neminyango efanele, izophinde ilungise futhi ihlaziye izitifiketi zokuqondisa ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngokuhambisana nomgomo "wokukhansela izitifiketi ezingakhanselwa, kanye nokukhansela izitifiketi ezingaphuma echwebeni ukuze ziqinisekiswe", i-General Administration of Customs izoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa lula kwezitifiketi zokuqondisa, futhi ibone ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo ezimbili. yezitifiketi zokuqondisa ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kanye nokukhanselwa kohlobo olulodwa lwesitifiketi sokugada kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2021. Njengamanje, inani lezitifiketi zokulawula ezidinga ukuqinisekiswa kwezixhumanisi zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle sehlisiwe ukusuka ku-86 ngo-2017 kuya ku-41, a ukwehla ngo-52.3%. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezingu-41 zezitifiketi zokugada, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezingu-3 ezingakwazi ukuxhunywa ku-inthanethi ngenxa yezimo ezikhethekile, zonke ezinye izinhlobo ezingu-38 zezitifiketi zisetshenzisiwe futhi zaphathwa ku-inthanethi. Phakathi kwazo, izinhlobo ezingu-23 zezitifiketi zamukelwe “ngefasitela elilodwa” lohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Zonke izitifiketi zokugada ziqhathaniswe ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi zahlolwa enqubweni yokugunyazwa kwempahla, futhi amabhizinisi awadingi ukuletha izitifiketi zokugada zephepha kuCustoms.
Okwesibili, kuphinde kuncishiswe isikhathi esiphelele sokugunyazwa kwempahla engenisiwe kanye nethunyelwa ngaphandle. Ihhovisi lechweba likahulumeni kufanele liqinise ukuqondiswa kwamachweba endawo, lihlale liqaphe futhi libike sonke isikhathi sokugunyazwa kwazo zonke izifundazwe (izifunda ezizimele kanye nomasipala), futhi liqinise ukuhlanganiswa kwamachweba abalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela walolu bhubhane ekungeniseni nasekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwesisekelo sokuhlonipha ukukhetha kwamabhizinisi okuzimele kokuvunyelwa kwentela, amasiko kazwelonke athuthukisa njalo indlela yokubekezelela amaphutha, akhuthaze amabhizinisi ukuthi akhethe “isimemezelo kusenesikhathi”, andisa ukulinga “kwezinyathelo ezimbili zesimemezelo” sokungenisa, futhi sinciphisa isikhathi. ukulungiselela isimemezelo, ukucutshungulwa kwezinto zokuhamba kanye nokuvunyelwa kwempahla. Emachwebeni afanelekayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola nokukhuthaza “ukulethwa okuqondile ohlangothini lomkhumbi” kwezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe kanye “nokulayisha okuqondile okufikayo” kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ukuze kuthuthukiswe okulindeleke amabhizinisi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla kanye nokwenza lula amabhizinisi ukuhlela ngendlela efanele. ezokuthutha, ukukhiqiza kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenza. Ezingxenyeni zezimoto ezingenisiwe ezikhululiwe ekutholeni isitifiketi se-CCC, isimemezelo sizokwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqinisekiswa, futhi ukwamukelwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwenkampani yangaphandle kuzoqhutshekwa. Ngalezi zinyathelo ezingenhla, isikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla ethekwini sehliswe kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, ngoMashi 2021, isikhathi sesisonke sokukhishwa kwemvume yokungenisa ezweni sasingamahora angama-37.12, kanti isikhathi sesisonke sokugunyazwa kokuthekelisa kwaba ngamahora angu-1.67. Uma kuqhathaniswa nowezi-2017, isikhathi sesisonke sokukhishwa kwemvume yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle sehliswe ngaphezu kwama-50%.
Okwesithathu, kuphinde kuncishiswe izindleko zokuthobela imithetho yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngonyaka odlule, ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela walolu bhubhane emabhizinisini futhi kusize amabhizinisi abhekane nobunzima, umhlangano wesigungu soMkhandlu Wombuso wawucwaninga ngokuphindaphindiwe udaba lokwehliswa kwentela nokwehliswa kwezimali. Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNdasa, imali yokwakhiwa kwechweba lezimpahla eziphuma ngaphandle kanye nezithunyelwa ngaphandle iye yakhululwa, futhi amazinga okukhokhiswa kwemali yesevisi yechweba kanye nemali yokuphepha yesikhungo sechweba ehliswe ngama-20% ngokulandelana. Izinyathelo zenqubomgomo zokuhlomulisa amabhizinisi, njengokuncishiswa ngezigaba kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko zamachweba, zithole imiphumela yangempela. Iminyango yombuso efanele ilusebenzisa ngokuqinile uhlelo lokuphatha izimali ezikhokhwayo, ihlanze futhi ilinganise ukusebenza kanye nezimali zesevisi zezixhumanisi zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, futhi isebenzisane ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokuthotshelwa kwezixhumanisi zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. IKhomishana kazwelonke yokuthuthukiswa kanye nezinguquko kanye neminye iminyango eyisikhombisa ngokuhlanganyela ikhiphe futhi yaqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokususa kanye nokubeka izinga lezindleko ezikhumulweni zasolwandle, futhi yabeka phambili izinyathelo zenqubomgomo ezifana nokukhuthaza kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubomgomo yokukhokhiswa kwemikhumbi, ukusungula uhlelo lokuqondisa kanye nophenyo lwe izindleko ezikhumulweni zasolwandle, nokwenza kube sezingeni kanye nokuqondisa ukuziphatha kokushaja kwezinkampani zemikhumbi. Kusukela ngo-2018, wonke amachweba ezweni lonke enze obala uhlu lwezindleko, amemezele izindinganiso zokushaja futhi aqaphela intengo ephawuliwe. Uhlu lwezindleko emachwebeni ezweni lonkana selubekwe obala emphakathini. Ihhovisi lechweba lombuso lihlele ukuthuthukiswa “kwewindi elilodwa” izindleko zechweba likazwelonke kanye nohlelo lokukhishwa kolwazi lwesevisi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukudalulwa kwe-inthanethi kanye nezinsizakalo zokubuza nge-inthanethi zechweba, i-ejenti yemikhumbi, izibalo kanye nezinye izindleko ezikhungweni zikazwelonke. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwemodi yokushaja “yentengo eyodwa yokukhanya kwelanga” ezikhumulweni ezinemibandela, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukucaca nokuqhathaniswa kwezindleko zembobo.
Okwesine, kuphinde kuthuthukiswe izinga lolwazi kanye nobuhlakani bokukhishwa kwechweba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nweba ngamandla umsebenzi "wewindi elilodwa". Ngonyaka odlule, ngenxa yomthelela wesimo esiwubhubhane ekungethweni nasekuthekeni kwamanye amazwe, “iwindi elilodwa” lethule ngesikhathi esifanele umsebenzi wokumenyezelwa kanye nensizakalo yokugunyazwa kwempahla yamasiko ezinto zokuvikela ubhubhane, lanikeza umdlalo ogcwele ezinhlelweni zayo yonke inqubo yokucubungula i-inthanethi, etholakele. “Ukuthintwa kungabikho” ezindabeni zebhizinisi, “ukulibaziseka okungazeki” kokugunyazwa kwempahla, “ukwehluleka ukwehluleka” ekusebenzeni kwesistimu, futhi kwasiza amabhizinisi ukuthi aqale kabusha umsebenzi nokukhiqiza. Qamba kabusha imodi "yohwebo lwangaphandle + ezezimali", qalisa isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe se-inthanethi, imali mboleko yezimali, umshwalense wesiqinisekiso sentela, umshwalense wesikweletu sokuthekelisa kanye nezinye izinsizakalo zezezimali, ukuxazulula ngempumelelo inkinga yobunzima bokuxhasa ngezimali kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zezimali zamabhizinisi amancane, aphakathi nendawo namancane, futhi ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wangempela. Njengamanje, "ifasitela elilodwa" selizuze ukufakwa kwe-docking kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi nohlelo oluphelele lweminyango engama-25, esebenzela wonke amachweba nezifunda ezahlukahlukene eChina, enabasebenzisi ababhalisiwe abayizigidi ezingama-4.22, izigaba eziyi-18 zemisebenzi yezinsizakalo eziyisisekelo, izinto zesevisi ezingama-729. , izigidi ezingu-12 zebhizinisi ezimenyezelwa nsuku zonke, ngokuyisisekelo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zokucubungula ibhizinisi “zokuma okukodwa” zamabhizinisi, kanye nezinga lesevisi ebandakanyayo lithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele sikhuthaze ngamandla ukugunyazwa kwamasiko angenamaphepha kanye ne-elekthronikhi. I-Shanghai, i-Tianjin namanye amachweba asogwini abalulekile aqinise ukwakhiwa kwesiteji sesevisi esibanzi se-Port Logistics, aqhubeka nokusebenzisa imibhalo ye-elekthronikhi yohlu lokunikezwa kwemishini yeziqukathi, uhlu lokupakisha kanye ne-bill of lading, futhi yakhuthaza ukukhishwa nge-elekthronikhi kwezikweletu zokuthekelisa zokuthutha ngamazwe ngamazwe. izinkampani zemikhumbi. Sizokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwetheminali ezishintshayo, amaloli amakhonteyna anganamuntu kanye nokubalwa kwezibalo ngobuhlakani, sikhuthaze ukuguqulwa “kwe-smart port”, sithole ukwabelana kwedatha yezokuthutha kwamaqembu amaningi, futhi sithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezimpahla ezingaphakathi nangaphandle kwechweba. Amachweba abalulekile asogwini akhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuxhumana kwesevisi edidiyelwe “yokukhishwa kwamasiko + okokusebenza” emachwebeni, asebenzise isimiso somkhawulo wesikhathi sokusebenza kwechweba emenyezelwe amayunithi echweba, futhi athembele “efasiteleni elilodwa” ukuze aphushele ulwazi lwesaziso sokuhlola ezikhumulweni nasezikhumulweni. iziteshi zokusebenza, ukuze kuthuthukiswe okulindeleke ukuba kukhishwe imvume yebhizinisi. Gxilisa ukwakhiwa “kwamasiko ahlakaniphile”, ukhuthaze ngamandla ukufakwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-h986, CT nezinye izinto zokusebenza zokuhlola umshini emachwebeni ezweni lonke, wandise ububanzi bokusebenza kokuhlolwa kwemephu ehlakaniphile, ukhulise ingxenye yokuhlolwa okungahlanyisi, futhi uqhubeke. ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokuhlola.
Okwesihlanu, kufanele siqhubeke nokudidiyela ukuvimbela nokulawulwa kwalolu bhubhane futhi sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Selokhu kwaqubuka lolu bhubhane ngonyaka odlule, Uphiko Olujwayelekile Lwezokuphathwa Kwempahla Evela kwamanye amazwe kanye neminyango efanele isebenze ndawonye ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuvinjelwa nokulawulwa kwalolu bhubhane kanye nokukhuthaza intuthuko yezomnotho nezenhlalakahle. Qinisa isiqondiso nokuxhumana kwamachweba endawo, uqale ngokushesha indlela yokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezinkulu zomphakathi emachwebeni, futhi uqinise ukulawula kanye Nokuvalelwa Kwabasebenzi abaphumayo; Namathela ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni okunembile, sebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula ezihlukene ngokuya ngezimpawu ezihlukene zamachweba omoya, amanzi kanye nomhlaba, lungisa ngendlela eguquguqukayo amasu okusabela ubhubhane lwechweba, futhi uvale ngesikhathi esifanele indawo yokuhlola ichweba lomngcele ngokuvumelana nesimiso “sokumisa abagibeli. kanye nepasi lempahla”. Ucwaningo futhi luthuthukise uhlelo lukazwelonke lokubonisa nokusebenza kwechweba, luqaphe isimo sokusebenza kwamachweba kazwelonke, ikakhulukazi amachweba asemngceleni, lenze umsebenzi oqinile ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni ukungeniswa kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe phesheya kwezilwandle emachwebeni, futhi kwakhiwe umugqa wokuvikela wokuvimbela ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. .
Intatheli: ngemuva komthelela walolu bhubhane, uhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseShayina lwalulama ngokushesha engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka odlule. Uma kuhlanganiswe nezici ze-e-commerce ewela imingcele kanye nokukhula kokuqhuma kwezitimela zase-China EU, i-General Administration of Customs (ihhovisi lechweba lesifunda) ingasilungiselela kanjani kangcono isimo sebhizinisi lechweba? Ngokubuka inkambiso yamanje yokuthuthukiswa kohwebo lwangaphandle, yiziphi izingqinamba zokuthuthukisa indawo yebhizinisi lechweba nokuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani esinyathelweni esilandelayo? Ungayakha kanjani inkundla elula yokuhweba nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamabhizinisi angaphandle eChina? Yiziphi izibonelo ongabelana ngazo?
U-Dang Yingjie: Ngokuvamile, kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka odlule, uhwebo lwaseShayina lwangaphandle lugcine inkambiso yokubuyisela esimweni kanye nokukhula ngokushesha. I-Novel coronavirus pneumonia isasabalala emhlabeni wonke, futhi isimo somnotho emhlabeni sisanzima futhi sinzima. Ukuthuthukiswa kohwebo lwangaphandle kubhekene nezici eziningi ezingazinzile. Kodwa-ke, amasiko aseShayina ahlala esungula futhi ethuthukisa uhlelo lokulawula, futhi sethule uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezihlosiwe ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa okuhlelekile kwabahlinzeki bakagesi abawela imingcele kanye neYurophu ephakathi. Isibonelo, i-Customs yethule ukugqugquzelwa okuphelele kwezinyathelo zokuqondisa ukubuyiselwa kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kwemingcele ye-e-commerce, kwenziwa ubuhlakani obusha bebhizinisi le-e-commerce eliwela umngcele ukuya kubhizinisi (B2B) umshayeli wokuthekelisa, unwebe ngendlela eshelelayo ye-e-commerce logistics. eziteshini, zenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukugunyazwa okuhlelekile kwamasiko ezimpahla eziphakeme ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele ezifana ne-“double 11″, kanye nezibalo ze-e-commerce ezithuthukisiwe nezinye izindlela. I-General Administration of Customs ikhiphe izinyathelo ze-10 zokusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwezitimela zase-China EU, okuzothuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezitimela zase-China EU ngokuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu zesitimela, ukunciphisa ngokuphumelelayo inani lesimemezelo se-custos, ukusekela ukwakhiwa kwesitimela sase-China EU. iziteshi ze-hub, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi lezokuthutha lezitimela lase-China EU.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, indawo yebhizinisi lechweba laseChina ibilokhu ithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi imiphumela emangalisayo izuziwe. Nokho, kusenobunzima kanye nezinkinga ekulinganiseni ngokumelene nobuchwepheshe obuphambili bamazwe ngamazwe. Isibonelo, kusukela ngonyaka odlule, amabhizinisi okungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle abonise ukuthi amandla okuthutha emizila yamazwe ngamazwe aqinile, futhi "isitsha esisodwa sinzima ukutholakala" nezinye izinkinga zidinga ukuxazululwa ngokuhlela okuphelele nokuxhumana. Uma kubhekwa izimfuno ezihlukene zamabhizinisi, asekhona “amabhodi amafushane” ekubuseni ngokubambisana kwechweba, ukubambisana okujulile phakathi kwezimpahla zezimpahla nezamabhizinisi, kanye nokwabelana ngemininingwane eminyangweni ehlukene, okudingeka kwengezwe.
Ukuze kuhambisane kangcono nezindinganiso ezithuthukile zamazwe ngamazwe, kugxilwe ekukhathazekeni kwabadlali bemakethe, futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yohwebo lwangaphandle, ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, i-General Administration of Customs yahlela futhi yethula isinyathelo esikhethekile esiyizinyanga ezine ukugqugquzela uhwebo oluwela imingcele ngo-2021 emadolobheni ayisishiyagalombili (amachweba) ezweni lonke Ukuphathwa Kwezwe Kwezokuqondisa izimakethe kanye neminye iminyango yethule ngokuhlanganyela izinqubomgomo nezinyathelo eziyi-18 zokuxazulula izinkinga "zamaphuzu okuvimbela", "amaphuzu obuhlungu" kanye "namaphuzu anzima ” ekhathazwa abadlali bemakethe bamanje mayelana nenqubo yokuthuthukisa, ukunciphisa izindleko, ukucindezela isikhathi kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle. Njengamanje, yonke imisebenzi iqhubeka kahle futhi izuze imiphumela ebilindelwe.
Isibonelo, ngenxa yezimpawu ze-maritime logistics, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi izimpahla zidlule ekukhishweni kwentela kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza ze-wharf echwebeni. Izinga lezimpahla ezinezidingo ezifike ngesikhathi, njengezithelo ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe, lithanda ukuwohloka ngenxa yokuvalelwa ethekwini, kanti ezinye izimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezidingekayo ngokushesha azikwazi ukungena ngenxa yezimpahla eziningi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nezithunyelwa ethekwini, ukuhlelwa kokusebenza okuxegayo nezinye izici, Ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa izindleko zokubhukha kanye nengozi yokwephulwa kwenkontileka. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kwezimpahla ezithengiswayo ezikhumulweni zasolwandle, sikhuthaza ngamandla ukuqaliswa kokuhlolwa “kokulethwa okuqondile ohlangothini lomkhumbi” kwezimpahla ezivela ngaphandle kanye “nokulayisha okuqondile okufikayo” kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezikhumulweni eziqeqeshiwe, ukuze sinikeze imvume eyengeziwe yokuzikhethela. izindlela zamabhizinisi. Ngokuxhumanisa amatheminali, abanikazi bezimpahla, abathumeli bemikhumbi, abathutha impahla, amabhizinisi ezokuthutha namanye amayunithi, bathuthukisa inqubo yokusebenza ngezindlela eziningi, babone ukukhishwa kwezimpahla lapho befika, bathuthukise ngempumelelo ukugunyazwa kwempahla, ukunciphisa isikhathi futhi izindleko zokulayisha nokuthulula impahla, ukupakisha, ukulinda esikhumulweni sezindiza, ukunciphisa izindleko zebhizinisi, kanye nokukhulula umthamo wokupakisha wetheminali. Njengamanje, ibhizinisi “lokulayisha ngokuqondile” kanye “nokulethwa ngokuqondile” liye lenziwa kabanzi emachwebeni amakhulu asogwini, okulethe izinzuzo zangempela emabhizinisini. Ukuthatha i-Tianjin Port njengesibonelo, ngokwamukela indlela "yokuphakamisa uhlangothi lomkhumbi oluqondile", isikhathi kusukela ekufikeni kwempahla evela kwamanye amazwe kuya ekulindeni ukulayishwa nokuthunyelwa kuyancishiswa kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-2-3 kuya ngaphansi kwamahora angu-3.
Umthombo: Ukuphathwa Okujwayelekile Kwemithelo
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-04-2021