Ama-undercurrents ayingozi ayecashe ngaphansi kwamagagasi.
Amabhizinisi aseShayina angaphezu kuka-50000 athintekile, futhi abathengisi abaningi abakhulu abanegama lomkhiqizo asebehlale isikhathi eside behlulekile ukubalekela leli gagasi "lokuvalwa kwezitolo".
Umuntu ubona ingozi, othile ufunda ukuphenduka kanye nomkhuba.
Ayanda amabhizinisi asekhaya eza esiteshini se-B2B (ibhizinisi ukuya ebhizinisini). Kusukela enkampanini enkulu enamashumi ezinkulungwane zabasebenzi kuya kumqhele wephinikhodi “ongabonakali” ogxile kuthrekhi eqondile, bonke baphezu kwetafula lekhadi ukuze babone lokhu kushintshwa okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili.
Abakwazi ukunquma ukuthi igagasi liyaphi. Kodwa-ke, i-e-commerce ewela imingcele ingenisa ithuba elisha lomlando, futhi amabhizinisi amaningi azama ukuthola indlela yawo.
Intengo yesihlalo “sokubuya” ikhuphuke izikhathi eziyi-12
Ngo-2007, uZeng Hui wabuyela ekhaya ukuze athathe ibhizinisi labazali bakhe.
Le mboni yezingxenye zezimoto, eseNanchang, eSifundazweni saseJiangxi, ihlushwa izinhlungu ezilethwa ukushintsha kwezikhathi: imigudu yokuthengisa iyancipha futhi inzuzo iya iba mncane futhi ibe mncane. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwaba nzima kumakhasimende ukuthi afole ukuze eze emnyango, futhi imakethe yawela esimweni lapho abanamandla bethatha konke.
Kumele ngenzeni? Noma landela amabhrendi amakhulu futhi uhlangane nabakhiqizi bezesekeli abanolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi; Noma zama ukuthola ithrekhi entsha, emazwini kaZeng Hui, “umncintiswano wokuhlukanisa”.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, le nsizwa yahluleka ukusindisa ukwehla kwemboni. Ububi bomkhiqizo namandla omkhiqizo bubonakala ngeso lenyama, “umbukiso ubiza ngaphezu kuka-100000, futhi ungase ungalitholi ngisho ikhasimende.”
Ngonyaka olandelayo, ekugcineni waqala ukuqonda incazelo yangempela "yomncintiswano wokuxoshwa". Imboni yezesekeli yangena emzileni omncane oqondile futhi yaqala ukufunda, igxile ezihlalweni zemishini yezimboni nezolimo. Isibonelo, i-Zeng Hui, isigaba esincane semishini yokwakha i-forklift, "asenze i-forklift kuqala."
Kusebenza ngempumelelo ukuba "ngumpetha ongabonakali" wengoma yokuhlukanisa iziqephu. Imboni yavuselelwa, futhi izinga lokukhula kokuthengisa ngaleyo minyaka lafinyelela ku-50% emangalisayo. Namuhla, ifektri kaZeng Hui isithathe u-60% wemakethe yasekhaya yezihlalo ze-forklift.
Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa isu lomkhiqizo, uZeng Hui naye waqala ukufunda i-e-commerce ukuze uvule iziteshi ezintsha zokuthengisa zefektri. Uyaziqhenya: "Siyiqembu lokuqala labakhiqizi eChina ukuthengisa izihlalo zezimoto eTaobao nase-1688."
Ngenhlanhla, uZeng Hui wahlangana ne-B2B ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele.
Wafunda okokuqala ukuthi kunezwe lemilingo ngaphesheya kolwandle. Abathengi lapho bajwayelene kakhulu nemikhiqizo yemishini futhi banamandla aqinile okulungisa nokuguqula. Eminye imishini emincane yezolimo ingathengiswa ngqo ezitolo ezinkulu.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-e-commerce ewela umngcele yayiseyinto entsha, kodwa ithrafikhi eyalethwa i-Alibaba yayingokoqobo: kusukela ingena esiteshini samazwe ngamazwe sase-Alibaba, imboni ye-Zeng Hui yayingathola imibuzo eyisikhombisa noma eyisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu ngosuku. Kwezinye izinkundla ze-B2B, akuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eyodwa noma ezimbili ngesonto.
"Ngaleso sikhathi, isofthiwe yokuhumusha ayizange ithuthukiswe," kukhumbula uZeng Hui. “Siyibhale igama negama sabe sesiyihumusha ngesichazamazwi esiku-inthanethi.”
Izihlalo ze-Forklift nezihlalo zokugunda utshani ziwela ulwandle futhi zihlangene ngakolunye uhlangothi lolwandle. Lona omunye umncintiswano ophelele wokugudluka. Amazwe aseYurophu nawaseMelika azuze ijika lesibili lentuthuko yefekthri.
“Ngaphesheya kwezilwandle” kusho imakethe entsha, i-halo kanye neprimiyamu yomkhiqizo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, uZeng Hui waxoxa nekhasimende futhi wathola ukuthi elinye iqembu lingene eqenjini lezihlalo zase-Italy. Enelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, wahamba wayowubuka futhi wabubona ubuciko befekthri yakhe shazi: “akuwona yini umkhiqizo wethu lona?”
Okuhlanzekile okwenziwe e-China kuhambe ngaphesheya kolwandle futhi kwabuyela kubathengi baseShayina. Lezi zihlalo zijikeleze i-Italy futhi inani lazo lenyuke izikhathi eziyi-12.
Lezi zihlalo "zababuyile" zishaqise uZeng Hui: imakethe yaphesheya akusona isiqhingi esiphephile esihlala njalo. Ukuze uthole ukuma okuqinile esivunguvungwini se-e-commerce ewela umngcele, amandla omkhiqizo awumongo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, impi yentengo yayisadumile e-China, "uma uthengisa ngama-yuan angu-5, ngizothengisa ngo-4.9 yuan." UZeng Hui useqalile ukucabanga ngombuzo omusha: "Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngifuna ukuthengisa ngokuphindwe kabili kunabanye?"
Waqala nokuqasha “ababuyayo”. Imboni yezinsimbi ihehe umgogodla wobuchwepheshe ongaphezulu kuka-20, futhi yonke ifemu inabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-80 kuphela.
UZeng Hui uthe kufanele sibambe ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo kanye nenqubo ezandleni zethu futhi sibeke ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo. “Ngiyethemba ukudala okuthile okubalulekile esikhundleni sokuncintisana okusezingeni eliphansi nokuphindaphindayo.”
Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, wabuyela enkundleni yempi ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele
E-Luoyang, eSifundazweni SaseHenan, “imboni enkulu yepulasitiki eyingqalasizinda” iyibhodi lezimpawu ezisagolide.
Kukhona ama-auras amaningi azungezile, futhi okudonsa amehlo kakhulu ngokungangabazeki "ibhizinisi elihamba phambili lokuqeda ubumpofu eLuoyang": eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule, imboni enkulu yepulasitiki isungule ama-workshops angu-17 e-Luoyang, ephuma I-Xin'an County eya ezindaweni ezizungezile i-Yichuan, i-Luoning, i-Ruyang ne-Yiyang, ishayela abantu abangaphezu kuka-2000 emsebenzini.
Inhloso yasekuqaleni yaleli bhizinisi “kwakuwukusiza abampofu”: UGuo Songtao, owaphothula eNyuvesi yaseZhengzhou, wabuyela edolobheni lakubo ephethe inhloko-dolobha nolwazi ngemuva kokuqala kaningana.
Ngaleso sikhathi, nakuba i-Xin'an County yayisikhishiwe ebumpofu, izimo zokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zasemakhaya zazisemuva. Ngemva kophenyo oluphindaphindiwe, uGuo Songtao wakhetha ngokuqinile izindawo zasemaphandleni ukuze asungule amabhizinisi, “izindawo zasemaphandleni nazo zinamathemba amahle.”
Isizinda semboni yokweluka ipulasitiki senziwe ngokuthula.
Ngokusekelwe ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, imboni enkulu yepulasitiki ibilokhu ithuthuka futhi ikhula, ngemali engenayo yonyaka eyizigidi ezingama-350 kanye nenani lamakhasimende athembekile angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ngenxa yokuqina kwenkampani, uGuo Songtao akakaze abeke i-e-commerce yebhizinisi ku-ajenda, futhi waba nokuhlolwa okufushane kwamanzi kuphela ngo-2015.
Umphumela wokuhlolwa uthi: kunzima kakhulu“ I-e-commerce ewela umngcele idinga isikhathi sokubilisa ngaphambi kokuthi iphume. ” Kusho uGuo Songtao ngokungananazi.
Ukubambisana kokuqala nesiteshi samazwe ngamazwe se-Alibaba kwaphazamiseka, kodwa kusobala ukuthi akazange ayeke ukunaka lesi sikhundla. Ekupheleni kuka-2020, uguquko lwesimo sobhubhane lomhlaba kanye nokululama ngokushesha kwemiyalelo yohwebo lwangaphandle kwenza uGuo Songtao wahogela umoya.
U-Guo Songtao (wokuqala kwesokudla)
Ukubuyela enkundleni yempi ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele, imboni yepulasitiki emikhulu yenze amalungiselelo aphelele.
Eyokuqala i-talent reserve. UGuo Songtao wethula ngokuziqhenya ukuthi inkampani isiqashe ochwepheshe abambalwa abahweba kwamanye amazwe. "Abathathu babuyile bevela phesheya, iziqu eziningana zesiNgisi kanye nesikhulu esisodwa saseFrance..." esho.
Okwesibili ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo. Ngenxa yenqubekelaphambili yomthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe, imikhiqizo yesikhwama sesitsha esikhiqizwe imboni enkulu yamapulasitiki iye yahambisana namazinga omhlaba.
Uhulumeni kaMasipala waseLuoyang uphinde wanikeza usizo ngesikhathi: ngo-2020, uMkhandlu Wezwe wagunyaza ukusungulwa kweLuoyang Comprehensive Bonded Zone, echazwa njengezindawo ezine ezibalulekile: i-high tech Zone, indawo yokuhweba mahhala, indawo yokuzidalela kanye ne-e-commerce ewela umngcele. indawo yomshayeli.
Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu engekho, uGuo Songtao akakwazanga ukuzibamba ezwa ushintsho lwalo “mngane wakudala” lapho ephinda ehlangana nesiteshi samazwe ngamazwe sase-Alibaba: inkonzo yamakhasimende yayiphelele kakhulu, amandla obuchwepheshe ayephezulu kakhulu, nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-e- ukuqeqeshwa kolwazi lwezohwebo kanye nezifundo bekunothe kakhulu.
Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu kuphela ngemuva kokwethulwa, umthamo wokuthekelisa wemboni yepulasitiki emikhulu ufinyelele kumayuan ayizigidi eziyi-10, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqinile kwaba nenzuzo egculisayo. UGuo Songtao uthe ngokumamatheka bekuhlezi kumnandi ukubambisana no-ALI, "vele ubalandele."
Iphephandaba lezomnotho laseChina lamasonto onke lake lacaphuna uGuo Songtao ethi: “Impumelelo yomuntu ayiyona impumelelo, kodwa impumelelo eyiqoqo ikhazimula kakhulu; Ingcebo yomuntu ayiyona ingcebo, kodwa ingcebo yeqoqo icebile nakakhulu. ”
Njengomsuka wegama elithi "imboni enkulu yepulasitiki exhaswa ngemali" ("ukubekezelelana kukhulu, ukuphakama kunamandla"), leli qembu lezingane ezilula nezinamandla zaseHenan, ezigxile ku-loess, ziwela ulwandle ngomkhumbi omkhulu we- izikhathi.
Olunye uhlangothi ngamanzi olwandle, olunye umlilo
Kusukela ngo-2020, ngenxa yokuzinza kokuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane lwasekhaya kanye nezinzuzo ze-supply chain, i-e-commerce ewela umngcele isiphenduke ithrekhi yegolide yabavukuzi begolide.
Kodwa-ke, phambi kwenani elikhulu kakhulu "lokuvalwa kwesitolo", ukuchuma kwangaphambili sekuphele isikhathi eside. I-Shenzhen cross border E-Commerce Association ilinganise ukuthi okungenani ama-akhawunti ebhizinisi aseShayina angu-50000 azothinteka futhi ukulahlekelwa kungase kudlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-100. Ukungaqiniseki kwe-B2C ngaphansi kwezingqinamba zemvelo sekuphinde kwaba insimbi ye-alamu elenga phezu kwamabhizinisi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izisekelo zedatha yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe zisahamba kahle. Ngokusho kweGeneral Administration of Customs, uhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseShayina lugcine ukukhula okuhle izinyanga eziyi-14 zilandelana. Ngokusimama komnotho womhlaba, isidingo sabathengi besigaba B phesheya kwezilwandle sifinyelele umvuthwandaba ongokomlando.
Olunye uhlangothi ngamanzi olwandle kanti olunye luwumlilo.
Ngokwedatha yakamuva yesiteshi samazwe ngamazwe se-Alibaba, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJulayi 2021, isilinganiso senani labathengi abavakashelwe, abathengi abakhokhelwayo kanye nevolumu yokuthenga nge-inthanethi inyuke ngaphezu kuka-60% unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwabo, isilinganiso senani labathengi abakhuthele e-United States, India, United Kingdom, Brazil nakwezinye izindawo siphindeke kabili.
Ngezindleko eziphansi zokutshala imali, isikhathi esifushane sokushintsha kanye namathuba amaningi ezimakethe, amabhizinisi amaningi aphinde agxila ekuhwebeni kwe-e-commerce emngceleni we-B2B, imodeli endala nethuthuke kakhulu ye-e-commerce.
Ngaphambi kwalokho, i-Dalian Zhicheng Furniture Co., Ltd., eyayizibandakanya ebhizinisini le-C kuphela futhi yayizibandakanya kakhulu emikhiqizweni kamatilasi, ngemuva nje kokujoyina inkambu ye-e-commerce ye-B2B ewela umngcele, inzuzo yayo esiteshini samazwe ngamazwe se-Ali idlule i-US $ 10 million. , okuhlanganisa ingxenye yesine yesamba esithengisiwe sazo zonke iziteshi.
"Umncintiswano we-B2C mkhulu kakhulu futhi izindleko ziphezulu." Umuntu ophethe ibhizinisi uthe, "sifuna ukulinganisa ukuncintisana ngokwenza i-B2B, sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle futhi sisheshise umkhiqizo ukuze uye olwandle."
Lena imodi evamile kanye nethrekhi eyinhloko ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele, lapho abasanda kufika nabantu abadala babuthana khona. Kusukela yasungulwa ngo-1999, abathengisi nabathengi abaningi ababhaliswe eminyakeni engu-22 edlule basasebenza esiteshini samazwe ngamazwe sase-Alibaba.
Ekhuluma ngokubaluleka nomsebenzi wesiteshi samazwe ngamazwe, uZhang Kuo, iphini likamongameli weqembu le-Alibaba kanye nomphathi jikelele wesiteshi samazwe ngamazwe, ukholelwa ukuthi uthemba ukuthi isiteji singaxazulula ingxenye enzima kakhulu ye-e-commerce e-border B2B - ukunciphisa umkhawulo nezindleko zokuya olwandle, ukuze noma yikuphi ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe u-Xiaobai akwazi “ukuthengisa umhlaba wonke ngokuchofoza okukodwa”.
I-Zeng Hui ilapha ukuze ifanise ama-oda futhi yandise ukuthengiselana.
UGuo Songtao ufunda ukukhangisa nokuphathwa kokumaketha lapha.
Isimo sinzima futhi umoya namagagasi kuyingozi. Kodwa ngemva koseyili abayinkulungwane, abanye abantu basakhetha ukuya olwandle futhi baqale futhi
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-31-2021