n eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinga lokungenisa nokuthekelisa kwe-e-commerce eliwela imingcele yaseShayina liqhubekile nokukhula ngokushesha, libe yindawo entsha ekhanyayo ekuthuthukisweni kohwebo lwangaphandle. Umnyango Wezohwebo kanye neminye iminyango eyisithupha isanda kukhipha isaziso ngokuhlanganyela ekunwebiseni ukulinga kokungeniswa kwezitolo ze-e-commerce eziwela umngcele kanye nokusebenzisa ngokuqinile izimfuneko zokulawula (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi isaziso)《 Isaziso sicacisa ukuthi umshayeli weloli owela umngcele. Ukungenisa okudayiswa nge-e-commerce kuzonwetshwa kuwo wonke amadolobha (kanye nezifunda) lapho i-Free Trade Zone engumshayeli, indawo yokuhlola ebanzi ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele, indawo ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe, indawo yokubonisa ukusungulwa kokuthuthukiswa kohwebo kanye nesikhungo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo (uhlobo b) zitholakala. Uzoba yini umthelela wokunwetshwa kwendawo yokuhlola, futhi imuphi umkhuba wamanje wokuthuthuka we-e-commerce ewela umngcele? Intatheli yenze inhlolokhono.
Izinga lokungeniswa kwe-e-commerce eliwela umngcele we-e-commerce selidlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100
Ukungenisa okudayiswayo kwe-Cross border e-commerce akukude nathi. Abathengi basekhaya bathenga izimpahla zaphesheya kwezilwandle ngokusebenzisa inkundla ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele, ehlanganisa ukuziphatha kokungeniswa kwe-e-commerce okuwela umngcele. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2020, izinga lokungeniswa kwe-e-commerce eliwela imingcele yaseChina leqe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamafomethi amasha ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokusekelwa okuqinile kwezinqubomgomo ezifanele. Kusukela ngo-2016, i-China ihlole ukuhlelwa kwenqubomgomo yesikhashana “yokuqondisa kwesikhashana ngokwezinto zomuntu siqu” ekuthengisweni kwezitolo ze-e-commerce eziwela umngcele. Kusukela lapho, isikhathi soshintsho sinwetshwe kabili kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2017 no-2018. NgoNovemba 2018, uMnyango Wezohwebo neminye iminyango eyisithupha yakhipha “isaziso sokuthuthukisa ukugadwa kokungenisa kwamanye amazwe okuthengiswa kwe-e-commerce okuwela umngcele”, okwathi ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi emadolobheni angama-37, njengaseBeijing, ukuthengiswa kwempahla edayiswa emngceleni we-e-commerce kuzogadwa ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, futhi imvume yokuqala yelayisense yokungenisa, ukubhaliswa noma ukugcwaliswa kwezidingo ngeke kusetshenziswe, kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo. kanye nokuhlelwa kokuqondisa okuzinzile ngemva kwesikhathi soshintsho. Ngo-2020, umshayeli wendiza uzonwetshwa emadolobheni angama-86 nakuso sonke isiqhingi saseHainan.
“Ukugadwa kwama-athikili angenisiwe ukuze asetshenziswe umuntu siqu” kusho izinqubo ezilula nokusakazwa ngokushesha. Iqhutshwa umshayeli wendiza, ukuthengiswa kwezitolo ze-e-commerce eziwela umngcele waseChina kwakhula ngokushesha. UGao Feng, umkhulumeli woMnyango Wezohwebo, uthe selokhu kwethulwa umkhankaso wokungeniswa kwezitolo ze-e-commerce eziwela umngcele ngoNovemba 2018, yonke iminyango nezindawo ziye zahlola ngenkuthalo futhi zaqhubeka nokwenza ngcono uhlelo lwenqubomgomo, lwamiswa ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni. ekulinganisweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lokuvimbela ubungozi nokulawula kanye nokuqondisa luyathuthuka kancane kancane, futhi ukugada kunamandla futhi kusebenza ngempumelelo phakathi nangemuva komcimbi, onemibandela yokuphindaphinda nokuphromotha ebangeni elibanzi.
“Ukunwetshwa komkhakha wokuhlola ikakhulukazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu ezikhulayo zempilo engcono futhi kuthuthukiswe intuthuko engcono yokungeniswa kwe-e-commerce ewela imingcele.” UGaofeng uthe ngokuzayo, amadolobha lapho izifunda ezifanele zitholakala khona angakwazi ukwenza ibhizinisi lokungenisa eliboshiwe ku-inthanethi inqobo nje uma ehlangabezana nezidingo zokugadwa kwentela, ukuze kube lula amabhizinisi ukuthi aguqule kalula ukwakheka kwebhizinisi lawo ngokwezidingo zentuthuko, ukusiza abathengi ukuthi bathenge izimpahla eziwela imingcele kalula, badlale indima ebalulekile yemakethe ekwabiweni kwezinsiza, futhi bagxile ekuqiniseni ukugada phakathi nangemuva komcimbi.
Ngesivinini esisheshayo sokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa, isidingo sabathengi baseShayina sezimpahla ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezingenisiwe sikhula usuku nosuku. Amaqembu amaningi abathengi anethemba lokuthenga emhlabeni wonke ekhaya, futhi indawo yokuthuthukisa yokungeniswa kwe-e-commerce emngceleni ibanzi. Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, uMnyango Wezohwebo uzosebenzisana neminyango efanele ukuze unxuse amadolobha ayisivivinyo ukuthi asebenzise izimfuneko ngokuqinile futhi akhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo nokusimeme kwezinkambiso zokungeniswa kwezitolo ze-e-commerce eziwela umngcele.
Ukwethulwa okujulile kwezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo ukuze kwakhiwe indawo enhle yentuthuko esheshayo
NgoMashi kulo nyaka, umbukiso wokuqala we-e-commerce waseChina wawubanjelwe eFuzhou, waheha ingqikithi yamabhizinisi angama-2363 ukuthi abambe iqhaza, ehlanganisa amapulatifomu angama-33 awela imingcele e-commerce emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, isamba semali engaphezulu kuka-US $3.5 wezigidigidi zokuthengiselana okufinyelelwe kuso kulo mbukiso. Imininingwane yeCustoms ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2020, ukuthengiswa kwe-e-commerce okuwela umngcele kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuzofinyelela ku-1.69 trillion yuan, kwenyuke ngama-31.1% unyaka nonyaka. I-Cross border e-commerce kancane kancane isiphenduke injini entsha yokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yohwebo lwangaphandle.
UZhang Jianping, umqondisi weSikhungo Sokucwaninga ngokubambisana kwezomnotho wesifunda seSikhungo Sokucwaninga soMnyango Wezohwebo, uthe eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-e-commerce ewela imingcele igcine izinga lokukhula elinamadijithi amabili futhi ibe negalelo elikhulu emazweni angaphandle aseChina. ukuthuthukiswa kwezohwebo. Ikakhulukazi ngo-2020, uhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseShayina luzothola ukuguqulwa okumise okuka-V ngaphansi kwezinselelo ezinzima, okuhlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwe-e-commerce ewela umngcele. I-Cross border e-commerce, enezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele zokunqamula izithiyo zesikhathi nesikhala, izindleko eziphansi nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, isibe yisinqumo esibalulekile sokuthi amabhizinisi enze uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye ne-pacesetter yokusungula nokuthuthuka kwezohwebo lwangaphandle, edlala indima enhle. kumabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle ekubhekaneni nomthelela walolu bhubhane.
Ukwethulwa okujulile kwezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo nakho kudale indawo enhle yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-e-commerce ewela imingcele.
Ngo-2020, kuzoba nezindawo ezingu-46 ezintsha zokuhlola i-e-commerce ezihlanganisa yonke imingcele e-China, futhi inani lezindawo zokuhlola eziphelele ze-e-commerce eziwela umngcele lizonwetshwa libe ngu-105. UMnyango Wezohwebo, kanye neminyango efanele, uyabambelela. Emgomeni wokukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukubandakanya kanye nobuhlakani, ikhuthaza indawo yokuhlola ebanzi ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele ukwenza isevisi, ifomethi kanye nokuqanjwa kwemodi, isekela umklamo odidiyelwe, ukukhiqiza, ukumaketha, ukuhweba, ukuthengisa ngemva kokuthengisa nokunye ukuwela umngcele. ukuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lwe-e-commerce, futhi kusheshise ukwakhiwa kwendawo entsha yokuvula. Zonke izindawo zithatha indawo yokuhlola ehlanganisa yonke imingcele ye-e-commerce njengendawo yokuqala, zakha amapaki ezimboni ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ziheha amabhizinisi aholayo endaweni, futhi ziqhubekisele phambili ukuhlangana okuzungezile kwamabhizinisi asekelayo akhuphuka nomfula. Njengamanje, kwakhiwe amapaki ezimboni angaphezu kuka-330 endaweni ngayinye yokuhlola ehlanganisa yonke imingcele ye-e-commerce, ekhuthaze ukuqashwa kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3.
Ohlangothini lokugunyazwa kwentela, i-General Administration of Customs yenze amaphrojekthi okuhlola okuthunyelwa kwe-e-commerce awela umngcele i-B2B (ibhizinisi kuye ebhizinisini), kanye ne-e-commerce esanda kumiswa ye-B2B yokuthekelisa eqondile (9710) kanye ne-cross- I-border e-commerce ukuthumela ngaphandle kwe-warehouse yaphesheya kwezilwandle (9810) izindlela zokuhweba. Manje seyenze amaphrojekthi okuhlola emahhovisi angu-22 aphumayo ngqo ngaphansi kweGeneral Administration of customs, okuhlanganisa neBeijing, ukukhuthaza impumelelo emisha yokugadwa kwe-e-commerce ewela umngcele ukusuka ku-B2C (ibhizinisi kuye kumuntu ngamunye) kuye ku-B2B, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokusekela inkambiso Izinyathelo, Amabhizinisi okulinga angasebenzisa izindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuvunyelwa kwentela njengokuthi “ukubhaliswa kanye kuphela, indawo yokumisa indawo eyodwa, ukuhlola okubalulekile, ukuvumela ukudluliswa kwempahla kanye nokwenza lula ukubuyisela”.
"Ngaphansi kwesizinda sokuhlolwa kokuthumela ngaphandle kokuhlola ngamasiko kanye nokwakhiwa okusheshayo kwezindawo zokuhlola eziphelele ze-e-commerce ewela umngcele, i-e-commerce ewela umngcele izoqhubeka nokuchuma ngaphansi kokukhuthazwa kwezinqubomgomo nemvelo, ifaka amandla amasha uguquko kanye nokwenza ngcono uhwebo lwaseShayina lwangaphandle.” Kusho uZhang Jianping.
Ubuchwepheshe bedijithali busetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izici, futhi imodi yokugada idinga ukuhambisana nezikhathi
Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-cloud computing, idatha enkulu, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-blockchain nobunye ubuchwepheshe bedijithali kuzo zonke izici zohwebo oluwela imingcele kuye kwaqhuba uguquko oluqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-e-commerce ewela umngcele.
U-Wang Xiaohong, iPhini likaNgqongqoshe woMnyango Wezokwazisa weSikhungo se-China sokuhwebelana komnotho wamazwe ngamazwe, uthe le ndlela entsha yedijithali yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe isekelwe kusixhumanisi esigcwele sokuhwebelana kwemingcele, ukwakha i-ecosystem ehlanganisa abakhiqizi, abahlinzeki, abathengisi, abathengi, izinto, ezezimali kanye neminyango kahulumeni yokulawula. Akubandakanyi nje ukusatshalaliswa kwempahla ewela imingcele, kodwa futhi nezinsizakalo ezihambisanayo ezisekelayo ezifana nokuhlela, ezezimali, ulwazi, inkokhelo, isinxephezelo, uphenyo lwezikweletu, ezezimali kanye nentela, izinsiza eziphelele zohwebo lwangaphandle ezifana nokugunyazwa kwentela, ukuqoqwa kwemali yangaphandle kanye nokubuyiselwa kwentela. , kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokulawula kanye nohlelo olusha lwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe olunolwazi, idatha kanye nobuhlakani.
"Kungenxa yezinzuzo zemakethe ezinkulu kakhulu, kanye nendlela yokukhuthaza izimboni kanye nemodi yokuqondisa ehlanganisa wonke umuntu, okwenza amabhizinisi ase-China awela imingcele ye-e-commerce akhule ngokushesha, futhi izinga namandla awo agxume ngokushesha." U-Wang Xiaohong uthe nokho-ke kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-e-commerce ewela umngcele isesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka, izinsiza ezisekelayo ezifana nendawo yokugcina impahla, ezokuthutha, ukusatshalaliswa, insizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa, isipiliyoni, ukukhokha kanye nokuhlala zisadingeka kwenziwe ngcono, izindlela zokulawula nazo zidinga ukuhambisana nezikhathi, futhi kokubili ukumiswa nokuthuthukiswa kufanele kulandelwe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo sokwandisa ukulinga kokungeniswa kwezitolo ze-e-commerce eziwela umngcele, futhi kuyadingeka ngokusobala ukuthi idolobha ngalinye elihlolayo (isifunda) kufanele lithathe ngobuqotho isibopho esiyinhloko somsebenzi wokuhlola wenqubomgomo yokungenisa okudayiswa nge-e-commerce ewela umngcele. esifundeni, sebenzisa ngokuqinile izidingo zokulawula, uqinise ngokuphelele ukuvimbela nokulawula ubungozi bekhwalithi nokuphepha, futhi uphenye kusenesikhathi futhi ubhekane “nokuthengwa kwe-inthanethi okunesibopho + sokuzilanda ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi” ngaphandle kwendawo ekhethekile yokuqondisa amasiko Ukuthengisa kwesibili nokunye. ukwephulwa, ukuqinisekisa inqubekelaphambili eshelelayo yomsebenzi wokuhlola, kanye nokukhuthaza ngokuhlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo nokusimeme kwezinkambiso zezimboni.
Kunesidingo semakethe, izinqubomgomo zengeza ubungqabavu, i-e-commerce ewela imingcele ikhula kakhulu, futhi izikhungo ezisekelayo ziyalandela kancane kancane. Ngokwemibiko, kunezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezingaphezu kuka-1800 phesheya kwezilwandle ze-e-commerce eziwela umngcele eChina, nezinga lokukhula lika-80% ngo-2020 kanye nendawo engaphezu kwamamitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-12.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-24-2021